Skip to main content

Posts

Moral and Political Intuitions: Deontology Versus Consequentialism

As I near my 40s, instead of focusing on continually refining my own moral or political views, I find myself more concerned with trying to explain how others have arrived at their own. That is - especially when social media has a tendency to amplify in-group vs. out-group dynamics - I want to see others with the dignity I wish others would grant me. So, here, I'd like to expound upon two families of concepts that I've found to be useful: intuitions and two broad approaches found in normative ethics. Philosophers use the word "intuition" in a specific way that may not line up with how the linguistic community as a whole may use it. So, to be precise, when I use "intuition" I mean something like an instinct, primary response, or knee-jerk reaction. To speak of intuitions in this sense is not to grant them any special epistemic status. Rather, they are to be treated as raw data to be evaluated in light of other considerations. For instance, many of us have or h
Recent posts

Political Division and Opaque Contexts

As a closeted, anti-war (the Iraq war, specifically), non-religious, left-leaning teenager in the early 2000s, the prospect of my conservative family finding out my secrets put me in a state of terror at family gatherings. In particular, I recall a time when the conversation turned to what fate they wished upon people like me, if they had their way (not happy things). Having just turned 38, I'm still apprehensive about coming out - and thus apprehensive about divulging what I've just divulged.  To be sure, as alien I was / am to them, they are to me - at least in terms of political and religious beliefs. And this is a source of a persistent, bothersome cognitive dissonance that I'm still trying to resolve. In a larger context, I think this is something many of us experience, as we try to hold on to relationships despite the seemingly untraversable chasm between us. In what follows, I'd like to make a modest attempt to at least begin to build a bridge across this chasm.

Philosophical Limits of Transhumanism

"Transhumanism" refers to a wide array of inter-related commitments, but here I am concerned with the assumption that, in the future, we will transcend our biology by "uploading" our consciousness onto computer hardware. While this is a beautiful idea, as I shall argue, it won't happen. ---- Lieutenant Commander Data from "Star Trek: The Next Generation" seems to represent a future stage of human evolution. His brain is positronic - not biological. As such, he is free of the kinds of biological constraints we have, including degradation and eventual brain death. As technology progresses exponentially, we might think and hope that we can become more like him. Indeed, some think that this is inevitable and will happen in our lifetime. If we are to be like Data, it must be possible for non-biological hardware to run our mental software. Given the advances in Artificial Intelligence, we might think it is only a matter of time before this happen

Libertarianism

When I think about certain political issues, there is a tiny libertarian in the back of my head taunting me and giving me room for doubt. That is, from a philosophical point-of-view, libertarianism is quite attractive, as it is simple and easy to apply. For instance, we might wonder with uncertainty as to whether or not a given regulation will have good consequences. For the libertarian, this is inconsequential. If the regulation, say, requires one party to help another party, it is impermissible - simple as that. Since I am not quite sure exactly what I should think of this view, in what follows I shall discuss a particular (possible) problem for libertarianism with the hopes of making some progress on the issue. 'Libertarianism', of course, gets used in different ways. So, for my purposes, I shall use the term to refer to a view that is committed to the following principle NO (no obligation): we have no (non-derivative) obligation to help others . (The reason for adding &#